Large ring forgings: What requirements should be met by the steel used in forgings
Release time:
09 Mar,2023
Basic open-hearth method: The open-hearth furnace with basic refractory materials such as magnesium brick, aluminum-magnesium brick, magnesium oxide and limestone is called basic open-hearth furnace. In an air oxidized environment, it requires alkaline coal ash to make iron. The basic open furnace method has the following characteristics: due to the selection of basic slag, a large amount of sulfur and phosphorus can be removed, so the operation of iron making raw materials is not as strict as the acid open furnace, which is the advantage of this method. Coal ash has high acid-alkalinity and high permeability, and the solubility and external diffusion capacity of hydrogen in steel are also expanding. The non-metallic material impurities in basic open-hearth steel are mainly metal oxides and sulfates. Sulfate impurities will lead to thermoplasticity of steel, and there is a certain plastic deformation. After calcination, it is distributed in strip shape along the key deformation direction of the metal material, which reduces the transverse and radial characteristics of the forgings and improves the variety of forgings.
There are three kinds of steelmaking methods for general forgings.
1, the basic open furnace method: with magnesium brick, aluminum magnesia brick, magnesium oxide, limestone and other basic refractory materials in the furnace bottom and embankment slope masonry open furnace is called the basic open furnace. In the environment of air oxidation, it needs alkaline coal ash to make iron.
The basic open furnace method has the following characteristics: due to the selection of basic slag, a large amount of sulfur and phosphorus can be removed, so the operation of iron making raw materials is not as strict as the acid open furnace, which is the advantage of this method. Coal ash has high acid-alkalinity and high permeability, and the solubility and external diffusion capacity of hydrogen in steel are also expanding. The non-metallic material impurities in basic open-hearth steel are mainly metal oxides and sulfates. Sulfate impurities will lead to thermoplasticity of steel, and there is a certain plastic deformation. After calcination, it is distributed in strip shape along the key deformation direction of the metal material, which reduces the transverse and radial characteristics of the forgings and improves the variety of forgings.
2, basic electric furnace method: due to the high arc heating temperature, the gas in the furnace can be controlled during the whole smelting process. When the double slag air oxidation method is used for melting, after the melting period, there is an air oxidation period, in which the iron ore heated the molten pool by violent air oxidation. When the reflux method is used for smelting, there is no air oxidation period of iron ore added to avoid a large amount of ablation of aluminum alloy elements during the dissolution process. After melting, it can directly enter the recovery period.
3, acid open furnace method: in the bottom of the furnace and embankment slope using silicon brick, quartz sand and other acid refractory materials and other masonry materials called acid open furnace.
The actual operation of forging and smelting with acid slag has the following characteristics: sulfur and phosphorus cannot be removed in the smelting process, so it is necessary to use raw materials with sulfur content and phosphorus content lower than the regulations of finished steel, which will increase the cost of steel. Due to the recovery of silicon in the smelting process, the desulfurization of automatic deamination is produced, so in the later period of scouring can be deamination without adding or a small amount of deoxidizer such as ferrosilicon, ferromangmanganese, aluminum, etc., and the converted deamination material is less. Therefore, the non-metallic materials in the acid open-hearth steel have less impurities and high desulfurization purity.
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